Brain Waves

Research on brain oscillations and event-related electroencephalography (EEG) and event-related (de-) synchronization (ERD/ERS) in particular became a rapidly growing field in the last decades. A large number of laboratories worldwide are using ERD/ERS to study cognitive and motor brain function and the importance of this tool in neurocognitive research is widely recognized. This book is a summary of the most current research, methods, and applications of the study of event-related dynamics of brain oscillations. Facing the rapid progress in this field, it brings together, on the one side, fundamental questions of the underlying events, which still remain to be clarified and, on the other side, some of the most significant novel findings, which point to the key topics for future research. In particular, the chapters of this volume cover the neurophysiological fundamentals and models (Section I), new methodological approaches (Section II), current ERD research related to cognitive (Section III) and sensorimotor brain function (Section IV), invasive approaches and clinical applications (Section V), and novel developments of EEG-based brain-computer interfaces and neurofeedback (Section IV). Audience Neuroscientists researching cognitive and motor brain function. Contents I. Neurophysiological Fundamentals and Theories. Event-related neural activities: What about phase? The cortical activation model (CAM). Source analysis of EEG oscillations using high-resolution EEG and MEG. Principles of oscillatory brain dynamics and a treatise of recognition of faces and facial expressions. Dynamic sculpting of brain functional connectivity and mental rotation aptitude. II. Analysis of Dynamics of Brain Oscillations: Methodological Advances. Quantification and visualization of event-related changes in oscillatory brain activity in the time-frequency domain. Information-based modelling of event-related brain dynamics. Time-frequency microstructure and statistical significance of ERD and ERS. Analyzing event-related EEG data with multivariate autoregressive parameters. III. ERD/ERS and Cognition. Upper alpha ERD and absolute power: Their meaning for memory performance. Sensitivity of alpha band ERD to individual differences in cognition. Oscillatory neuronal dynamics during language comprehension. Cognition- and memory-related ERD/ERS responses in the auditory stimulus modality. IV. ERD/ERS and Sensorimotor Processing. ERD/ERS patterns reflecting sensorimotor activation and deactivation. Interregional long-range and short-range synchrony: A basis for complex senorimotor processing. Cortical oscillatory changes occurring during somatosensory and thermal stimulation. ction-perception connection and the cortical mu rhythm. Converging evidence of ERD/ERS and BOLD-responses in motor control research. V. Invasive Approaches and Clinical Applications. High frequency gamma oscillations and human brain mapping with electrocorticography. Intracerebral study of gamma oscillations in the human sensorimotor cortex. Intracerebral ERD/ERS in voluntary movement and in cognitive visuomotor task. Effect of deep brain stimulation and L-dopa on electrocortical rhythms related to movement in Parkinson's disease Movement-related ERD in neuropsychiatric disorders. VI. Brain-computer Interfaces and Neurofeedback. Physiological regulation of thinking: Brain-computer-interface (BCI) research. Motor imagery and EEG-based control of spelling devices and neuroprostheses. BCI signal processing at the Wadsworth Center: mu and sensorimotor beta rhythms. Validating the efficacy of neurofeedback for optimising performance. Future prospects of ERD/ERS in the context of Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) developments.